{"monumentId":1274,"locationId":514,"locationName":[{"langId":"en","value":"Rabat"},{"langId":"es","value":"Rabat"},{"langId":"fr","value":"Rabat"}],"locationContact":[],"countryId":"ma","countryName":[{"langId":"ar","value":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628"},{"langId":"de","value":"Marokko"},{"langId":"en","value":"Morocco"},{"langId":"es","value":"Marruecos"},{"langId":"fr","value":"Maroc"},{"langId":"it","value":"Marocco"},{"langId":"pt","value":"Marrocos"},{"langId":"se","value":"Marocko"},{"langId":"tr","value":"Fas"}],"monumentName":[{"langId":"en","value":"Royal Palace"}],"geoCoordinates":{"zoom":16,"latitude":34.005307,"longitude":-6.834168},"monumentDetails":[{"from":[{"value":"Exhibition Trails","langId":"en"}],"images":[{"imageNumber":1,"url":"https:\/\/images.museumwnf.org\/hi_res\/trails\/iam\/ma\/1\/viii\/1\/b\/1.jpg","urlThumbnail":"https:\/\/images.museumwnf.org\/lo_res\/trails\/iam\/ma\/1\/viii\/1\/b\/1.jpg","imageInfo":[{"caption":"Royal Palace, al-Fas Mosque, Rabat.","copyright":"","langId":"en","photographer":"Khalil Nemmaoui, Casablanca"}]}],"furtherReadings":[],"details":[{"projectId":"IAM","langId":"en","projectName":"Islamic Art in the Mediterranean","name":"Royal Palace","alsoKnownAs":"","location":"","province":"","getDirections":"","address":"","contact":"","tel":"","fax":"","email":"","website":"","information":"One can only enter up to the mechuar, an avenue 1,200 m. long which runs across the Royal Palace, as the palace cannot be visited. One enters via the Gate of the Ambassadors, which opens onto Boulevard Mulay Hassan.","responsibleInstitution":{"name":"","address":"","tel":"","fax":"","email":"","website":""},"note":"","date":"","periodFrom":"","periodTo":"","styles":"","history":"","description":"The Royal Palace is situated in the enclosure of the <i>mechuar<\/i> which covers an area of about 50 hectares. This area, where delegations waited before being received by the Sultan, is also called the Enclosure of the <i>Tuargas<\/i>, after the warriors from the south brought here by Sidi Mohamed Ibn \u2018Abd Allah (1170\/1757\u20131204\/1790). In 1864, Sultan Mohamed Ibn \u2018Abd al-Rahman had a new palace built which has since undergone 20th-century reconstruction and extension work.<\/br>The palace is flanked by a number of administrative buildings, the Royal Protocol, the Royal Cabinet, the First Ministry (Prime Minister\u2019s Office), the <i>Habus<\/i> Ministry, and the Royal College, all of which are recent constructions, but which luckily reflect the endurance of Andalusian architectural and decorative art.<\/br>The palace and its adjoining buildings all have very beautiful gates, including that of the Throne Room, which is very elaborately decorated, and that of the First Ministry, in front of which the daily ceremonies of the raising and descending of the colours, in the presence of a number of Royal Guards in uniform, takes place. There are several gates through which the enclosure can be entered into, of which the Gate of the Ambassadors, built in 1941, is the only one which remains open at night. The <i>al-Fas<\/i> \u2013\u201cthe people of Fez\u201d\u2013 Mosque, sober in appearance but well-balanced in proportions, can be found half-way between the Gate of the Ambassadors and the palace. A number of traditional religious ceremonies take place here, in particular the morning prayers of the <i>\u2018Id al-\u2019Adha<\/i>, <i>\u2018Id al-Kebir<\/i>, after which the king proceeds with the ritual sacrifice of a sheep, in commemoration of Abraham\u2019s sacrifice.<\/br>The enclosure also holds an equestrian arena for the Royal Guard to practise their horse-riding skills, as well as a vast paved area, embellished with water fountains, where the locals gather during ceremonies, royal appearances or indeed concerts of the group \u201c55\u201d, a musical band dressed in richly coloured clothing who play themes from Andalusian music on percussion and wind instruments.","authors":"","preparedBy":"Kamal Lakhdar","copyEditedBy":"","translationBy":"","translationCopyEditedBy":"","bibliography":"","citation":""},{"projectId":"IAM","langId":"es","projectName":"El Arte Isl\u00e1mico en el Mediterr\u00e1neo","name":"Palacio Real","alsoKnownAs":"","location":"","province":"","getDirections":"","address":"","contact":"","tel":"","fax":"","email":"","website":"","information":"Solo se puede acceder al mechuar, una avenida de 1.200 m que atraviesa el Palacio Real. Se entra por la Puerta de los Embajadores, que da al bulevar Mulay Hassan.","responsibleInstitution":{"name":"","address":"","tel":"","fax":"","email":"","website":""},"note":"","date":"","periodFrom":"","periodTo":"","styles":"","history":"","description":"Est\u00e1 situado en el recinto del mechuar, que ocupa casi 50 ha. Esta zona, donde las delegaciones esperan antes de ser recibidas por el sult\u00e1n, se llama tambi\u00e9n recinto de los Tuargas por los guerreros del sur instalados en este lugar por Sidi Mohamed Ibn Abdallah (1170\/1757-1204\/1790). En 1864, el sult\u00e1n Mohamed Ibn Abderrahman orden\u00f3 levantar un nuevo palacio, que ha sido reconstruido y agrandado en el siglo XX.<\/br>El Palacio est\u00e1 flanqueado por una serie de edificios administrativos \u2014Protocolo Real, Gabinete Real, Sede del Primer Ministro, Ministerio de los H\u00e1bices, Colegio Real\u2014, todos de reciente construcci\u00f3n, pero que reflejan con acierto la perennidad del arte arquitect\u00f3nico y decorativo andalus\u00ed.<\/br>Tanto el Palacio como estos edificios tienen hermosas puertas; destacan la de la sala del trono, ricamente decorada, y la de la sede del Primer Ministro, ante la que se celebran diariamente las ceremonias de izar y bajar la bandera en presencia de la Guardia Real uniformada.<\/br>Varias puertas permiten acceder al recinto, entre ellas la Puerta de los Embajadores, construida en 1941, la \u00fanica que permanece abierta durante la noche. A medio camino entre la Puerta de los Embajadores y el Palacio se encuentra, a mano izquierda, la mezquita <i>al-Fas<\/i> (\u201clas gentes de Fez \u201d), de aspecto sobrio y proporciones armoniosas, en la que tienen lugar numerosas ceremonias religiosas tradicionales, en particular la oraci\u00f3n matinal del <i>Aid al-Adha<\/i>, <i>Aid al-Kebir<\/i>, al final de la cual el Rey procede al sacrificio ritual del cordero, en conmemoraci\u00f3n del sacrificio de Abraham.<\/br>El recinto comprende tambi\u00e9n un circuito de obst\u00e1culos para el entrenamiento de la Guardia Real a caballo, as\u00ed como amplias zonas enlosadas y adornadas con surtidores de agua donde se sit\u00faan los habitantes de la ciudad con ocasi\u00f3n de las ceremonias, de las salidas reales o de los conciertos de los \u201c55\u201d, banda musical vestida con coloridos uniformes que ejecuta, con instrumentos de percusi\u00f3n y de viento, piezas de m\u00fasica andalus\u00ed.","authors":"","preparedBy":"Kamal Lakhdar","copyEditedBy":"","translationBy":"","translationCopyEditedBy":"","bibliography":"","citation":""},{"projectId":"IAM","langId":"fr","projectName":"L'Art Islamique en M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e","name":"Palais Royal","alsoKnownAs":"","location":"","province":"","getDirections":"","address":"","contact":"","tel":"","fax":"","email":"","website":"","information":"","responsibleInstitution":{"name":"","address":"","tel":"","fax":"","email":"","website":""},"note":"","date":"","periodFrom":"","periodTo":"","styles":"","history":"","description":"Le Palais Royal est situ\u00e9 dans l\u2019enceinte du <i>mechouar<\/i> qui couvre pr\u00e8s de 50 ha. Cette aire o\u00f9 les d\u00e9l\u00e9gations attendent avant d\u2019\u00eatre re\u00e7ues par le sultan est aussi appel\u00e9e enceinte des <i>Touargas<\/i>, du nom des guerriers du sud install\u00e9s \u00e0 cet endroit par Sidi Mohamed Ibn Abdallah (1170\/1757- 1204\/1790). En 1864, le sultan Mohamed Ibn Abderrahman fit construire un nouveau palais qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 depuis reconstruit et agrandi au XXe si\u00e8cle.<\/br> Le palais est flanqu\u00e9 d\u2019un certain nombre de b\u00e2timents administratifs, Protocole Royal, Cabinet Royal, Premier Minist\u00e8re, Minist\u00e8re des <i>Habous<\/i>, Coll\u00e8ge Royal, tous de construction r\u00e9cente, mais refl\u00e9tant avec bonheur la p\u00e9rennit\u00e9 de l\u2019art architectural et d\u00e9coratif andalous.<\/br> Le palais et les b\u00e2timents attenants laissent appara\u00eetre de tr\u00e8s belles portes, dont celle de la salle du Tr\u00f4ne, tr\u00e8s richement d\u00e9cor\u00e9e, et celle du Premier Minist\u00e8re, devant laquelle se d\u00e9roulent quotidiennement les c\u00e9r\u00e9monies de lev\u00e9e et de descente des couleurs, en pr\u00e9sence d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments de la Garde Royale en tenue.<\/br> Plusieurs portes permettent d\u2019acc\u00e9der \u00e0 l\u2019enceinte, dont la Porte des Ambassadeurs, construite en 1941, la seule \u00e0 rester ouverte la nuit.<\/br> A mi-chemin entre la Porte des Ambassadeurs et le palais se trouve, sur la gauche, la mosqu\u00e9e <i>al-Fas<\/i>, \u201cles gens de F\u00e8s\u201d, d\u2019aspect sobre et de proportions harmonieuses, o\u00f9 se d\u00e9roulent de nombreuses c\u00e9r\u00e9monies religieuses traditionnelles, en particulier la pri\u00e8re matinale de l\u2019<i>A\u00efd al-Adha, A\u00efd al-Kebir<\/i>, \u00e0 l\u2019issue de laquelle le roi proc\u00e8de au sacrifice rituel du mouton, en comm\u00e9moration du sacrifice d\u2019Abraham.<\/br> L\u2019enceinte comporte aussi un parcours d\u2019obstacles pour l\u2019entra\u00eenement \u00e9questre de la Garde Royale ainsi que de vastes aires dall\u00e9es agr\u00e9ment\u00e9es de jets d\u2019eau o\u00f9 les habitants se placent lors des c\u00e9r\u00e9monies, des sorties royales ou des concerts des \u201c55\u201d, groupe musical v\u00eatu de tenues chamarr\u00e9es qui ex\u00e9cute avec des percussions et des instruments \u00e0 vent des th\u00e8mes de musique andalouse.","authors":"","preparedBy":"Kamal Lakhdar","copyEditedBy":"","translationBy":"","translationCopyEditedBy":"","bibliography":"","citation":""},{"projectId":"IAM","langId":"it","projectName":"L'Arte Islamica nel Mediterraneo","name":"Palazzo reale","alsoKnownAs":"","location":"","province":"","getDirections":"","address":"","contact":"","tel":"","fax":"","email":"","website":"","information":"","responsibleInstitution":{"name":"","address":"","tel":"","fax":"","email":"","website":""},"note":"","date":"","periodFrom":"","periodTo":"","styles":"","history":"","description":"","authors":"","preparedBy":"","copyEditedBy":"","translationBy":"","translationCopyEditedBy":"","bibliography":"","citation":""}]}],"relatedContent":[],"relatedItineraries":[{"itineraryImage":"https:\/\/images.museumwnf.org\/hi_res\/trails\/iam\/ma\/1\/viii\/1\/c\/1.jpg","subItineraryId":68,"subItineraryOrder":8,"subItineraryOrderRoman":"VIII","countryId":"ma","countryName":[{"langId":"ar","value":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628"},{"langId":"de","value":"Marokko"},{"langId":"en","value":"Morocco"},{"langId":"es","value":"Marruecos"},{"langId":"fr","value":"Maroc"},{"langId":"it","value":"Marocco"},{"langId":"pt","value":"Marrocos"},{"langId":"se","value":"Marocko"},{"langId":"tr","value":"Fas"}],"parentItineraryId":60,"parentItineraryName":[{"langId":"en","value":"Andalusian Morocco. A Discovery in Living Art","duration":"Eight Sub-Itineraries"},{"langId":"es","value":"El Marruecos Andalus\u00ed. El descubrimiento de un arte de vivir","duration":"Ocho Recorridos"},{"langId":"fr","value":"Le Maroc Andalou. \u00c0 la d\u00e9couverte d'un Art de Vivre","duration":""}],"parentSubItineraryCount":8,"subItineraryName":[{"langId":"en","value":"Ebb and Flow, Shine and Eclipse","duration":"Two days"},{"langId":"es","value":"Pleamar y bajamar, resplandor y ocaso","duration":"Dos d\u00edas"}],"subItineraryDescription":[{"from":[{"value":"Travel"}],"details":[{"langId":"en","author":"Kamal Lakhdar","description":"Rabat and Sal\u00e9, situated opposite one another, on each side of the mouth of the Bu Regreg river, were rivals and allies in turn. Today they compose a single administrative entity and a single indissociable tourist compound. Capital of the kingdom since 1912, the agglomeration of Rabat-Sal\u00e9 experienced, throughout the centuries, a single destiny composed of radiances and eclipses, of feverish activity and profound lethargy, of ambition and dashed hopes.<br\/>\n<br\/>\nThe \u201csite of Bu Regreg\u201d, as termed by historians after the name of the river that flows between and separates the twin towns, was biased towards Andalusian culture and civilisation in the two following terms: in terms of the transfer of Islam and Arabic-Berber culture towards Spain; in terms of the transfer of Muslim and Jewish populations from al-Andalus (Morisco populations) \u2013with their weapons and luggage, ways of life and techniques\u2013 towards North Africa. This dual facet of Rabat-Sal\u00e9's relation with Muslim Spain is reflected perfectly in the monuments and remains of the site: those of the Almohad conquerors, stripped bare, imposing and extrovert in style (Hassan Tower, ramparts, Chellah), those of the Merinid and those of their successors, refined, personalised and introverted in style (<i style=\"\">zawiya<\/i>s, mosques, residences).","localTeam":"<b>Curatorial committee and authors:<\/b><br\/>\nMhammad Benaboud<br\/>\nNa\u00efma El-Khatib Boujibar<br\/>\nKamal Lakhdar<br\/>\nMohamed Mezzine<br\/>\nAbdelaziz Touri<br\/>\n<br\/>\n<b>Local Coordinators<\/b><br\/>\nNadia Hachimi<br\/>\nNouria Cherradi<\/br><br\/>\n<b>Photographer<\/b><br\/>\nKhalil Nemmaoui"},{"langId":"es","author":"Kamal Lakhdar","description":"Las ciudades de Rabat y Sal\u00e9, situadas a uno y otro lado de la desembocadura del r\u00edo Bu Regreg, fueron unas veces rivales y otras aliadas. Actualmente forman una \u00fanica entidad administrativa y un conjunto tur\u00edstico indisoluble. Capital del reino desde 1912, conoci\u00f3 a lo largo de los siglos un destino singular, hecho de luces y sombras, de actividad febril y profundos letargos, de ambiciones y de esperanzas fallidas.<br\/>\n<br\/>\nEl \u201cemplazamiento de Bu Regreg\u201d, como lo llaman los historiadores, debido al nombre del r\u00edo que separa las dos ciudades gemelas, ha jugado un papel preponderante en la cultura y la civilizaci\u00f3n andalus\u00edes desde un doble punto de vista: como lugar de transmisi\u00f3n de la religi\u00f3n isl\u00e1mica y de la cultura ar\u00e1bigo-ber\u00e9ber hacia Espa\u00f1a; como punto de recepci\u00f3n y encaminamiento hacia el norte de \u00c1frica de las poblaciones musulmana y jud\u00eda (moriscos) llegadas con sus armas y bagajes, sus modos de vida y sus t\u00e9cnicas, desde al-Andalus. Esta doble faceta de la relaci\u00f3n de Rabat-Sal\u00e9 con al-Andalus se refleja a la perfecci\u00f3n en los monumentos: los de los conquistadores almohades, de estilo sobrio, imponente y extrovertido (Torre de Hassan, murallas, Chellah) y los de los merin\u00edes y sus sucesores, de estilo refinado, personalizado e introvertido (<i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal\">zawiya<\/i>s, mezquitas, mansiones).","localTeam":"<b>Curatorial committee and authors:<\/b><br\/>\nMhammad Benaboud<br\/>\nNa\u00efma El-Khatib Boujibar<br\/>\nKamal Lakhdar<br\/>\nMohamed Mezzine<br\/>\nAbdelaziz Touri<br\/>\n<br\/>\n<b>Local Coordinators<\/b><br\/>\nNadia Hachimi<br\/>\nNouria Cherradi<\/br><br\/>\n<b>Photographer<\/b><br\/>\nKhalil Nemmaoui"},{"langId":"fr","author":"Kamal Lakhdar","description":"Rabat et Sal\u00e9, situ\u00e9es de part et d'autre de l'embouchure du fleuve Bou Regreg, furent tour \u00e0 tour rivales et associ\u00e9es. Elles forment aujourd'hui une seule entit\u00e9 administrative et un ensemble touristique indissociable. Capitale du Royaume depuis 1912, l'agglom\u00e9ration de Rabat-Sal\u00e9 a connu, \u00e0 travers les si\u00e8cles, un destin singulier, fait de rayonnements et d'\u00e9clipses, d'activit\u00e9 f\u00e9brile et de profonde l\u00e9thargie, d'ambitions et d'espoirs d\u00e9\u00e7us.<br\/>\n<br\/>\nLe <i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal\">\u201csite de Bou Regreg\u201d, <\/i>comme l'appellent les historiens, du nom du fleuve qui s\u00e9pare les deux villes jumelles, a \u00e9t\u00e9 partie prenante dans la culture et la civilisation andalouses \u00e0 un double niveau: au niveau du transfert de la religion islamique et de la culture arabo-berb\u00e8re vers l'Espagne; au niveau du transfert des populations musulmanes et juives d'al-Andalus (Morisques) avec armes et bagages, modes de vie et techniques, vers l'Afrique du Nord. Cette double facette de la relation de Rabat-Sal\u00e9 avec l'Espagne musulmane se refl\u00e8te parfaitement dans les monuments et les vestiges du site: ceux des conqu\u00e9rants almohades au style d\u00e9pouill\u00e9, imposant et extraverti (tour Hassan, remparts, Chellah), ceux des M\u00e9rinides et de leurs successeurs, au style raffin\u00e9, personnalis\u00e9 et introverti (zaou\u00efas, mosqu\u00e9es, demeures).","localTeam":"<b>Curatorial committee and authors:<\/b><br\/>\nMhammad Benaboud<br\/>\nNa\u00efma El-Khatib Boujibar<br\/>\nKamal Lakhdar<br\/>\nMohamed Mezzine<br\/>\nAbdelaziz Touri<br\/>\n<br\/>\n<b>Local Coordinators<\/b><br\/>\nNadia Hachimi<br\/>\nNouria Cherradi<\/br><br\/>\n<b>Photographer<\/b><br\/>\nKhalil Nemmaoui"},{"langId":"it","author":"","description":"Rabat e Sal\u00e9, situate ai due lati della foce del fiume B\u00fb Regreg, furono di volta in volta rivali e associate. Oggi formano un'unica unit\u00e0 amministrativa e un complesso turistico inscindibile.Capitale del regno dal 1912, l'agglomerato Rabat-Sal\u00e9 ha conosciuto nel corso dei secoli un destino singolare, fatto di splendori ed eclissi, attivit\u00e0 febbrile e letargo profondo, ambizioni e speranze deluse.<br\/>\n<br\/>\nIl \u00absito di B\u00fb Regreg\u00bb, cos\u00ec chiamato dagli storici dal nome del fiume che separa le due citt\u00e0 gemelle, \u00e8 stato parte integrante della cultura e della civilt\u00e0 andalusa. Lo \u00e8 stato in primo luogo come punto di partenza del trasferimento della religione islamica e della cultura arabo-berbera verso la Spagna; in secondo luogo come destinazione delle popolazioni musulmane ed ebraiche dell'Andalusia (mori), dirette con armi e bagagli, modi di vita e tecniche, verso l'Africa del nord. Il duplice aspetto del rapporto di Rabat-Sal\u00e9 con l'Andalusia musulmana si riflette perfettamente nei monumenti e nei reperti del sito: se quelli dei conquistatori almohadi presentano uno stile spoglio, imponente ed esuberante (torre di Hasan, mura, Chella), quelli dei merinidi e dei loro successori sono caratterizzati da uno stile raffinato, personalizzato e intimista (<i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal\">z\u00e2wiya<\/i>, moschee, case).","localTeam":"<b>Curatorial committee and authors:<\/b><br\/>\nMhammad Benaboud<br\/>\nNa\u00efma El-Khatib Boujibar<br\/>\nKamal Lakhdar<br\/>\nMohamed Mezzine<br\/>\nAbdelaziz Touri<br\/>\n<br\/>\n<b>Local Coordinators<\/b><br\/>\nNadia Hachimi<br\/>\nNouria Cherradi<\/br><br\/>\n<b>Photographer<\/b><br\/>\nKhalil Nemmaoui"}]}],"links":{"subItinerary":"https:\/\/explore.museumwnf.org\/api\/itineraries\/sub-itineraries\/68?"}}],"accommodations":[],"guidedVisits":[],"usefulWebsites":[{"webId":20,"order":20,"details":[{"langId":"en","title":"Visit Morocco (Moroccan National Tourist Office)","link":"http:\/\/www.visitmorocco.com\/index.php\/eng","note":""},{"langId":"es","title":"Visit Morocco (Moroccan National Tourist Office)","link":"http:\/\/www.visitmorocco.com\/index.php\/eng","note":""},{"langId":"it","title":"Visit Morocco (Moroccan National Tourist Office)","link":"http:\/\/www.visitmorocco.com\/index.php\/eng","note":""},{"langId":"pt","title":"Visit Morocco (Moroccan National Tourist Office)","link":"http:\/\/www.visitmorocco.com\/index.php\/eng","note":""}]},{"webId":21,"order":21,"details":[{"langId":"en","title":"Royal Air Maroc","link":"http:\/\/www.royalairmaroc.com\/","note":""},{"langId":"es","title":"Royal Air Maroc","link":"http:\/\/www.royalairmaroc.com\/","note":""},{"langId":"it","title":"Royal Air Maroc","link":"http:\/\/www.royalairmaroc.com\/","note":""},{"langId":"pt","title":"Royal Air Maroc","link":"http:\/\/www.royalairmaroc.com\/","note":""}]}],"locationHasRoutes":false,"glossary":{"en":[{"name":"Habus","definition":"A gift of real estate bequeathed in perpetuity  under certain conditions in favour of a mosque or other religious institution, such as a <i>madrasa<\/i> or <i>khanqah<\/i>, or a civil institution such as a <i>sabil<\/i>, or even a house. See also <i>waqf<\/i>.","spellings":["Habus"]},{"name":"bin","definition":"Son of, used in names. To indicate a clan the plural form <i>Bani \/ Banu<\/i>. is used. Tr. \u2013<i>o\u011flu<\/i>.","spellings":["Ben","bin","ibn"]},{"name":"ibn","definition":"Son of, used in names. To indicate a clan the plural form <i>Bani \/ Banu<\/i>. is used. Tr. \u2013<i>o\u011flu<\/i>.","spellings":["Ben","bin","ibn"]},{"name":"Mosque","definition":"See <i>jami\u2019<\/i> and <i>me\u015frebiye<\/i>.","spellings":["Mosque"]},{"name":"Sultan","definition":"Honorary title used by independent sovereigns (in particular Ottomans and Seljuks) whose authority, however, does not question the nominal superiority recognised to the ruling caliph.","spellings":["Sultan"]},{"name":"Ensi","definition":"Floor covering of a type apparently woven by all Turkmen tribes, with enough similarity in format to suggest that they are all descended from the same basic design. The field is usually quartered, with a thick band up the middle, at times culminating in an arch, as on the Tekke ensi.","spellings":["Ensi"]},{"name":"Fez","definition":"This term has different meanings:<br\/>\n<br\/>\nFez<br\/>\nCity in northern Morocco<br\/>\n<br\/>\nFez<br\/>\nA brimless cylindrical or somewhat cone-shaped hat with a flat top that usually has a tassel, is typically made of red felt, and is worn especially by men in eastern Mediterranean countries","spellings":["Fes","Fez"]}],"es":[{"name":"Bin","definition":"\u00abHijo de\u00bb, a menudo forma parte de los nombres. El plural, <i>banu<\/i>, se utiliza para denominar un clan.","spellings":["Ben","Bin","Ibn"]},{"name":"Ibn","definition":"\u00abHijo de\u00bb, a menudo forma parte de los nombres. El plural, <i>banu<\/i>, se utiliza para denominar un clan.","spellings":["Ben","Bin","Ibn"]},{"name":"Jan","definition":"T\u00e9rmino \u00e1rabe que designa una posada o alojamiento en las principales rutas de caravanas para los viajeros (peregrinos y mercaderes) y donde las mercanc\u00edas pod\u00edan ser almacenadas. Palabras relacionadas: <i>caravasar<\/i>, <i>funduq<\/i>, <i>wikala<\/i>. Tr.: <i>han<\/i>.","spellings":["Jan"]},{"name":"Sult\u00e1n","definition":"(\u00absoberano\u00bb) T\u00edtulo que se aplica al jefe pol\u00edtico supremo, cuya autoridad no amenaza la superioridad nominal del califa regente.","spellings":["Sult\u00e1n"]},{"name":"Jan","definition":"Posada en las rutas principales de comercio o peregrinaje, donde los viajeros se alojaban y la mercanc\u00eda pod\u00eda guardarse de forma segura. (Ver <i>caravasar<\/i>.)","spellings":["Jan"]}],"fr":[{"name":"Habous","definition":"Legs sous forme de terres conc\u00e9d\u00e9es \u00e0 perp\u00e9tuit\u00e9, et sous certaines conditions, au profit d\u2019une mosqu\u00e9e ou autre institution religieuse, telle qu\u2019une <i>madrasa<\/i> ou une <i>khanqah<\/i>, ou une institution civile telle qu\u2019un <i>sabil<\/i>, ou m\u00eame une maison. Voir \u00e9galement <i>waqf<\/i>.","spellings":["Habous"]},{"name":"Bin","definition":"Fils de, souvent utilis\u00e9 dans la formation des noms. Pour d\u00e9signer un clan, on emploie la forme plurielle : Bani\/Banu\/Beni.","spellings":["Ben","Bin","Ibn"]},{"name":"Ibn","definition":"Fils de, souvent utilis\u00e9 dans la formation des noms. Pour d\u00e9signer un clan, on emploie la forme plurielle : Bani\/Banu\/Beni.","spellings":["Ben","Bin","Ibn"]},{"name":"Mosqu\u00e9e","definition":"Voir <i>jami\u2019<\/i> et <i>masjid<\/i>.","spellings":["Mosqu\u00e9e"]},{"name":"Sultan","definition":"Titre honorifique utilis\u00e9 par des souverains ind\u00e9pendants (notamment ottomans et seldjoukides) dont l'autorit\u00e9 ne remet cependant pas en cause la sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 nominale reconnue au calife en place.","spellings":["Sultan"]}]}}